# application of integration in physics

In the metric system we have newtons per square meter, also called pascals. Note that the area of the washer is given by, \begin{align*} A_i =π(x_i)^2−π(x_{i−1})^2 \\[4pt] =π[x^2_i−x^2_{i−1}] \\[4pt] =π(x_i+x_{i−1})(x_i−x_{i−1}) \\[4pt] =π(x_i+x_{i−1})Δx. \end{align*}. If the force on an object as a function of displacement is , what is the work as a function of displacement ? We have $$s(x)=x−135$$. From properties of similar triangles, we have, \begin{align*} \dfrac{r_i}{12−x^∗_i} =\dfrac{4}{12} \tag{step 1} =\dfrac{1}{3} \\[4pt] 3r_i =12−x^∗_i \\[4pt] r_i =\dfrac{12−x^∗_i}{3} \\[4pt] =4−\dfrac{x^∗_i}{3}. Thus, Using a weight-density of $$62.4$$lb/ft3 (step 3) and applying Equation \ref{eqHydrostatic}, we get, \[\begin{align*} F =\int^b_a ρw(x)s(x)\,dx \\[4pt] Figure $$\PageIndex{6}$$ shows a representative layer. Applying Equation \ref{density1} directly, we have, \[ \begin{align*} m =\int ^b_aρ(x)dx \nonumber \\[4pt] = \int ^π_{π/2}\sin x \,dx \nonumber \\[4pt] = −\cos x \Big|^π_{π/2} \nonumber \\[4pt] = 1. University of Rajasthan, Bachelor of Science, Mathematics. Given that the weight-density of water is $$9800 \, \text{N/m}^3$$, or $$62.4\,\text{lb/ft}^3$$, calculating the volume of each layer gives us the weight. Now let’s look at the specific example of the work done to compress or elongate a spring. Note we often let $$x=0$$ correspond to the surface of the water. Just add 1 to the power and then divide the whole thing by the new power, so x 2 becomes x 3 /3 and x 57.8 becomes x 58.8 /58.8. Recall that the antiderivative of a polynomial is found using the power rule. The work done to stretch the spring is $$6.25$$ J. The last step is to add the initial temperature, which tells us that the temperature at minutes is. Sum the work required to lift all the layers. Let $$ρ(x)=3x+2$$ represent the radial density of a disk. Area between a curve and the x-axis. In the English system, force is measured in pounds. To evaluate this, you must know the antiderivative of an exponential function. Sketch a picture of the tank and select an appropriate frame of reference. When $$x=−0.2$$, we know $$F(x)=−10,$$ so, \[ \begin{align*} F(x) =kx \\[4pt] −10 =k(−0.2) \\[4pt] k =50 \end{align*}, and $$F(x)=50x.$$ Then, to calculate work, we integrate the force function, obtaining, \begin{align*} W = \int ^b_aF(x)dx \\[4pt] =\int ^{0.5}_050 x \,dx \\[4pt] =\left. First we consider a thin rod or wire. However, in some cases we may want to select a different reference point for $$x=0$$, so we proceed with the development in the more general case. What is the temperture of the oven at ? The upper limit remains $$540$$. Calculate the work done by a variable force acting along a line. Determine the length of the following function between. Using this coordinate system, the water extends from $$x=2$$ to $$x=10$$. Consider a thin rod oriented on the $$x$$-axis over the interval $$[π/2,π]$$. \end{align*}. The tank is depicted in Figure $$\PageIndex{7}$$. If the density of the rod is not constant, however, the problem becomes a little more challenging. A disk and a representative washer are depicted in the following figure. The value of k depends on the physical characteristics of the spring. In physics, work is related to force, … Applications of Integration - intmath.com Several physical applications of the definite integral are common in engineering and physics. This content by OpenStax is licensed with a CC-BY-SA-NC 4.0 license. Using properties of similar triangles, we get $$r=250−(1/3)x$$. Taking the limit of this expression as $$n→∞$$ gives us the exact value for work: \begin{align*} W =\lim_{n→∞}\sum_{i=1}^nF(x^∗_i)Δx \\[4pt] =\int ^b_aF(x)dx. If the rod has constant density $$ρ$$, given in terms of mass per unit length, then the mass of the rod is just the product of the density and the length of the rod: $$(b−a)ρ$$. When the reservoir is full, the surface of the water is $$10$$ ft below the top of the dam, so $$s(x)=x−10$$ (see the following figure). Figure $$\PageIndex{11}$$ shows the trough and a more detailed view of one end. This is a Riemann sum. How much work is done to stretch the spring $$0.5$$ m from the equilibrium position? \[ \begin{align*} m =\int ^r_02πxρ(x)dx \nonumber \\[4pt] =\int ^4_02πx\sqrt{x}dx=2π\int ^4_0x^{3/2}dx \nonumber \\[4pt] =2π\dfrac{2}{5}x^{5/2}∣^4_0=\dfrac{4π}{5}[32] \nonumber \\[4pt] =\dfrac{128π}{5}.\nonumber \end{align*}. The tank starts out full and ends with $$4$$ ft of water left, so, based on our chosen frame of reference, we need to partition the interval $$[0,8]$$. To find the work done moving the object from x=1 to x=4, evaluate the definite interval using x=1 and x=4 as the limits of integration. This time, however, we are going to let $$x=0$$ represent the top of the dam, rather than the surface of the water. Now, the weight density of water is $$62.4 \,\text{lb/ft}^3$$ (step 3), so applying Equation \ref{eqHydrostatic}, we obtain, \begin{align*} F =\int ^b_aρw(x)s(x)dx \\[4pt] = \int ^3_062.4 \left(8−\dfrac{8}{3}x\right) x \,dx=62.4\int ^3_0 \left(8x−\dfrac{8}{3}x^2 \right)dx \\[4pt] = \left.62.4 \left[4x^2−\dfrac{8}{9}x^3\right]\right|^3_0=748.8. The work done over the interval $$[x_{i−1},x_i]$$, then, is given by, \[W_i≈F(x^∗_i)(x_{i}−x_{i−1})=F(x^∗_i)Δx., Therefore, the work done over the interval $$[a,b]$$ is approximately, $W=\sum_{i=1}^nW_i≈\sum_{i=1}^nF(x^∗_i)Δx.$. Work can also be calculated from integrating a force function, or when counteracting the force of gravity, as in a pumping problem. To find the hydrostatic pressure—that is, the pressure exerted by water on a submerged object—we divide the force by the area. Infringement Notice, it will make a good faith attempt to contact the party that made such content available by To do this, we set our functions equal to each other and solve for the x values at which they intersect: Our next step is to use the formulas for the x and y coordinates of any region's center of mass, which are given below: We know the bounds of our region, as well as the functions f(x) and g(x) that make up its upper and lower boundaries, respectively, so the only thing we have left to do is calculate the area of our region using the following integral: Now that we know the area, bounds, and functions f(x) and g(x) that make up our region, we can simply plug these values into the formulas for the x and y coordinates of the center of mass for the region: So by evaluating our integrals, we can see that the center of mass of the region bounded by our two functions is   .

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